The sea attacks a weakness in the base of the cliff. For example, this could be a joint in chalk. A wave-cut notch is created by erosional processes such as hydraulic action and abrasion. As the notch becomes larger the cliff becomes unstable and collapses as the result of gravity. The cliff retreats inland. The material from the collapsed cliff face is eroded and transported away. This leaves a wave-cut platform. The process repeats over time.

Find out more about the formation of a wave-cut platform.

The case study location will be identified e.g. Flamborough Head / Durdle Door / Old Harry Rocks.

A bay is an inlet of the sea where the land curves inwards.

Find out more about bays.

A concordant coastline is where the same rock runs along the length of the coast. Concordant coastlines tend to have fewer bays and headlands.

Find out more about concordant coastlines.

Headlands form along discordant coastlines.

Find out more about discordant coastlines.