• The global pattern of urban change.
• Urban trends in different parts of the world, including HICs and LICs.
• Factors affecting the rate of urbanisation – migration (push-pull theory), natural increase.
• The emergence of megacities.

You must also revise how urbanisation has created opportunities and challenges in a city in a LIC or NEE. We have online resources to support you if you have studied Lagos, Mumbai or Rio de Janeiro. For the city you have studied, you need to revise the following:

• the location and importance of the city, regionally, nationally and internationally
• the growth of the city
• causes of growth: natural increase and migration
• how urban growth has created opportunities:
  • social: access to services – health and education; access to resources – water supply, energy
  • economic: how urban industrial areas can be a stimulus for economic development
• how urban growth has created challenges
• An example of how urban planning is improving the quality of life for the urban poor